Endocrinology Summers

Hormones Endocrine Glands Receptors Homeostasis 2nd Messengers

Nuclear Receptors Genetic Regulation Hormone Synthesis Receptor Regulation Hypothalamo-Hypophysial Communication

Tropic Hormones Neurohypophysial Nonapeptides Thyroid Axis Steroids Adrenal Axis

Adrenal Medulla Osmo-Pressure Balance Reproductive Endocrinology Prolactin Somatic Axis

Growth Factors Immune System Ca++, PO4 Homeostasis Pancreatic Hormones GI Hormones

Guts 'n Brains Brain Hormones Neurosteroids Neuropeptides Evolution

Figures for Endocrionology text:Vertebrate Endocrinology4th Edition - David O. Norris: Read pages 3-12 for this lecture acronyms    end

XXXI. Neuropeptides 		

		1. Many peptide hormones are also secreted within the brain
		   to modulate neural actions


		2. Classes of neuropeptides:


			a. opiates: Met-enkephalon, Leu-enkephalon, b-endorphin, dynorphin


			b. gut-brain: SP, VIP, CCK, NT, NPY, galanin, insulin, glucagon,
			      GRP/bombesin, gastrin, secretin, motilin


			c. hypothalamic: CRH, GHRH, GnRH, TRH, somatostatin


				i. neurohypophysial: AVP, Oxy


			d. pituitary: ACTH, GH, LH, a-MSH, PrL, TSH


			e. other: Ang2, ANP, CGRP, bradykinin
		

		3. Functional roles (examples):


			a. opiates: analgesic, anxiolytic, sedative
	

			b. gut-brain:  CCK is anxiogenic
						 SP ® pain transmission


			c. hypothalamic:
			       CRF ® coordinates neural control of stress responses
			      TRH ® stimulant (antagonizes sedative drugs Ý arousal and locomotion )


				i. neurohypophysial: AVP Ý learning, memory and aggression

					(1) OT Ý sexual receptivity and behavior
					    + parental behavior


			d. pituitary: ACTH ® anxiogenic, depression