Behavioral Neuroscience Summers

text:The Basis of Neuropharmacology 8th Edition - Cooper, Bloom, Roth:read Chapter 11 Rhythmicity & Behavior Sensory input for Rhythmicity Afferent path to the SCN Circadian Rhythms Efferent SCN output Integration of Rhythms into Behavior end     Acronyms/Abbreviations     Syllabus

Glu VIP AVP GABA 5-HT Figures of Rhythmicity Retina-RGC-SCN Molecular SCN

BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
VII. AVP 			
	A. Vasopressin (AVP) is in the neurohypophysial peptide family
	   	
		1. also includes Oxytocin (OT), Arginine Vasotocin (AVT)
		
			a. Vasopressin subfamily: Argipressin (AVP), Lypressin, 
			   Phenypressin, Vasotocin
			
			b. Tocic subfamily: OT, Mesotocin, Seritocin, Isotocin, 
			   Glumitocin, Sharkitocin
			
			c. Invertebrate AVP/OT family peptides: Diuretic Hormone, 
			   Annetocin, Lys/Arg-Connopressin, Cephalotocin, Octopressin
			   		
		2. all have 9 amino acids
		   AVP: Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly  or C-Y-F-Q-N-C-P-R-G
		   
			
	B. AVP Receptors in a family of 7tm receptors: V1A, V1B, V2, OT

		1. V1: 2 subtypes for all extrarenal sites
		
			a. V1A in brain, liver, blood vessels (including kidney) 
			
				i. effects circadian rhythms (tau), social recognition
			
			b. V1B (aka V3) in brain and pituitary
			
				i. àñ stress HPA response, 
				   social interpretation of olfaction

			c. V1àñGpàñPLCàñIP3àñCa++àñCalmodulinàñCAM Kinase
			     and 
			                   ñPLCàñDGàñPKC

		2. V2 only in renal tubules

			a. V2àñGsàñACàñcAMPàñPKAàñCREBàñCRE
	
		
	C. Endocrine functions of AVP
			
		1. Osmoregulation: AVP release controlled by osmoreceptors in the brain							

			a. V2 receptors increase osmotic permeability of renal tubules

				i. water is reabsorbed - antidiuresis (ADH)

	
		2. Blood pressure

			a. ñ via V1 receptors contracting
 				   smooth muscle of arterioles

			b. ñ dipsogenesis - drinking


		3. control of HPA axis (stress)

			a. AVP potentiates CRF-induced ACTH secretion					

			b. AVP + CRF colocalized in PVN neurons
					
					
	D. Regional Brain Expression

		1. SCN shell
				
		2. Anterior Hypothalamus (AH)
		
		3. Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) and Supraoptic Nucleus (SON)
		
			a. to neurohypophysis (hormonal)
			
			b. to median eminence (horomonal; synergism with CRF on HPA)
			
			c. to brainstem autonomic nuclei
		
		3. Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMN)
		
		4. Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST)
		
			a. project to lateral septum, medial amygdala, periaqueductal grey
		
		5. medial Amygdala (MeA)
		
			a. project to ventral Hippocampus
		   
		6. Septum
		
		7. Locus ceruleus (also makes NE)
		   
	
	E. Functions of Neuroactive AVP
	
		1. circadian rhythmicity
		
			a. SCN
			
				i. SCN projects AVP to PVN
				
				ii. stress stimulates SCN AVP secretion
		
		2. temperature regulation
		
			a. DMN
		
		3. blood pressure regulation
		
			a. PVN  
		
		4. anxiety
		
			a. BNST à Septum à Amygdala
		
		5. promote aggression
		
			a. AH = attack area, MeA and lateral Septum
				
		6. memory formation: delayed reflexes, image, short- and long-term memory
		
			a. social recognition, social communication
			
				i. septum
		
		7. Pair-bonding (monogamy)
		
			a. > V1A expression in v Pallidum
			
				i. longer upstream DNA sequences to the V1A gene

					(1) in prairie voles, bonobos, humans
		
			b. also see aggression