Behavioral Neuroscience Summers

Honey Bee Ecology and Behavior Honey Bee Neuroanatomy Fundamentals of Neurocircuitry Sensory Afferent input for Proboscis Extension

Gating Proboscis Extension Learning to Drink Conditioned Proboscis Extenstion Motor Neuron output for Proboscis Extension

Acetylcholine ACh Octopamine OA Integration: Honey Bee Conditioned Drinking

Honey Bee figures Honey Bee Conditioned Drinking Neurocircuitry end     Acronyms/Abbreviations

Honey Bee Conditioned Drinking
IV. Honey Bee Neuroanatomy 

	A. Sensory Systems
    
		1. Antennae Lobes (AL)

			a. each  containing 165 spheroidal neuropil units called glomeruli 

			b. local neurons (interneurons) connecting different glomeruli

				i. primarily inhibitory

					1) mostly g-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic
                    
			c. projections neurons 

				i. relay information to higher-order brain regions 
                
					1) lateral horn                
 
 					2) mushroom bodies               

			d. First step of synaptic interaction
            
				i. for olfactory receptor neurons and other neuronal types 

			e. mediates olfactory, gustatory, mechanosensory, and auditory information

		2. Visual structures (out to in)
        
			a. Eyes
            
			b. Lamellae (L)
            
			c. Medulla (Me)               

			d. Lobula (Lo)
            
			e. Anterior Optic Tubercle (AOT) major unit (MU)        

				i. dorsal and ventral pathways

					1) to mushroom bodies

		3. Sensory signals from mouth, proboscis and body

			a. Suboesophageal Ganglion (SEG) 

				i. receives from and projects to the ventral nerve cord
                
                                     
				ii. Contains the Ventral Unpaired Median neurons (VUM) 

					1) 15 neurons
	                    
					2) VUM #1 of the maxillary neuromere (VUM-mx1)                    

						a) transmits gustatory information from sucrose receptors 
 
 							i) the reward neuron

						b) appetitive value system for olfactory learning
                        
						c) Octopamine secreting neuron 
                
				iii. Interacts with olfactory pathways in anterior lobe, mushroom bodies, and lateral horn           
				

	B. Integration and Gating

		1. Lateral Horn (LH = lateral protocerebrum)

			a. receives projections from neurons in the antenna lobes
 
 				i. pheromone sensitive projection neurons

				ii. plant odor sensitive projection neurons
 
 				iii. processed separately in two lobes 

						1) rewarding vs aversive
                                    
		2. Mushroom Bodies (MB; top to bottom)

			a. medial calyx & lateral calyx  
            
			b. a and b lobes

				i. b surrounds a            

					1) "stalk of mushroom"

			c. mediate social behavior and memory

			d. receives projections from neurons in the antenna lobes
            
				i. Involved in olfactory learning and memory
                
					1) Integration of olfactory information with other sensory modalities

			e. receives visual projections from the AOT-MU